Influence of Prefrontal Lobotomy
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چکیده
.FREEMAN AND WATTS C4), (15), and Greenblatt (5), have reiterated the emphasis of earlier observers (3, 8, 16, 20), on the significance of social factors determining the outcome of prefrontal lobotomy in psychotic patients. The relative importance of the indirect effects of changed interpersonal relationships and of the direct effects of the surgery has not yet, however, been ascertained. Complex human groups do not lend themselves to the experimental manipulations necessary to define the significant social variables influencing the patient. The presence of cultural factors and the use of symbolic processes further obscure the problem. A monkey colony, on the other hand, with its relatively simple and apparent social interaction uncomplicated by cultural and symbolic factors, provides an opportunity for more direct examination of the influence of prefrontal lobotomy on the individual's relation to his social group. The social relationships in infrahuman groups have been well described. Hamilton (6), Kempf (9), and Tinklepaugh (17) discussed the role of sexual behavior in establishing a dominance hierarchy. Alverdes (1), Harlow and Yudin (7), Zuckerman (21), Maslow (10, 11, 12, 13), Maslow and Flanzbaum (14), and Warden and Gait (19) described in detail the development of an order of dominance in monkey groups. Their studies indicate that the social structure of a primate colony is a rigid and powerful force in de-
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تاریخ انتشار 2005